In the 1660s the Russian government under Czar Alexis I had begun the practice of punishing common criminals and political offenders by exiling them to Siberia. During the last two centuries of Russian imperial rule, punishment varied significantly from czar to czar. Different styles of interrogation and justice were prevalent with each successive ruler. Autocracy allowed for what seems to be a harsh system of imperial punishment. In actuality, the practice of capital punishment and …showed first 75 words of 1645 total…

…showed last 75 words of 1645 total…James P. Ricci, Vincent L. Czars: Russia's Rulers for More Than One Thousand Years. New York: Facts On File, 1995. Frank, Stephen P. Crime, Cultural Conflict, and Justice in Rural Russia, 1856-1917. Los Angles: U of California P, 1955. Madariaga, Isabel De. Catherine the Great: A Short History. New Haven: Yale UP, 1990. Merriman, John. A History of Modern Europe. New York: W.W. Norton, 1996. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. A History of Russia. 6th ed. New York: Oxford UP, 2000.